Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder that affects how people interact with others, learn and behave. People with autism often face stigma, discrimination and misunderstanding due to myths associated with it. It is important to understand the truth about autism in order to ensure that people with this condition receive the acceptance, understanding and support they need. Autism is known as a “spectrum” meaning not everyone will be affected by it in the same way and there are a wide variety of symptoms that people can experience.
Myth #1: All people with autism have an intellectual disability.
False! While some individuals on the autism spectrum may have a co-occurring intellectual disability, it is not true that all people with autism are intellectually disabled. In fact, many people on the spectrum possess higher-than-average intelligence and are able to pursue higher education, successful careers and excel in many areas.
Myth #2: People with autism do not speak.
Not everyone on the spectrum experiences affected speech. While some may not speak at all, many individuals with autism have the ability to communicate, and do it well. Those with affected speech abilities may use alternative forms of communication such as sign language or picture boards or rely on assistive technology such as iPads or apps to express their wants and needs.
Other symptoms that people on the spectrum can experience may also affect speech such as underdeveloped social skills, mental health barriers like anxiety and other speech delays like stutters or echolalia.
Myth #3: Children with autism are more aggressive.
While some children with autism may display aggressive behavior, it is not true that all people on the spectrum are more aggressive than those without ASD. In reality, the majority of individuals on the autism spectrum do not behave aggressively.
Many times, these aggressive behaviors can stem from frustration or feeling overwhelmed in certain situations due to slight changes in routine, having difficulty transitioning, sensory overload, or understanding social cues. When this is the case, it’s important to understand the cause and help manage environments such as maintaining a structured routine, understanding if the child is hyper-sensitive or hypo-sensitive and making adjustments. Skills learned in occupational therapy and environmental accommodations can help limit the impact of sensory issues as kids get older.
Myth #4: Autism can be cured.
Autism is a lifelong condition and there is currently no known cure. However, just because there is no cure does not mean it isn’t treatable. Research suggests that early intervention and therapy can help individuals on the autism spectrum build skills and manage symptoms so they can better cope with their daily lives. People with autism may face a wide range of symptoms, which means that there is no single best treatment. Working closely with a health care provider is an important part of finding the right combination of treatment, therapy or medication to treat specific symptoms.
Autism does not have to define someone’s life, and with proper help and guidance, those on the spectrum can live fruitful and satisfying lives. With proper support and understanding, it is very possible for those with autism to learn how to manage symptoms, succeed and thrive.
Myth #5: Autism is a childhood condition.
False! Autism is a lifelong challenge and while it can be diagnosed at any age, symptoms generally appear in the first 2 years of life. While individuals on the spectrum may display different behaviors as they age, these behaviors are unlikely to completely go away.
It is important to understand that people living with autism need support and acceptance at all stages of life. Thankfully, they can develop and continue to work at coping mechanisms and build new strategies to help them better manage their condition.
Now for some facts.
Fact 1: Symptoms can change over time. They can become more or less severe as people with autism age, symptoms can also change with behavioral interventions, therapy and medication.
Fact 2: Autism is genetic. While the exact cause of autism is still unknown, research suggests that genetics can contribute. Scientists believe that there are several genes that interact with each other and contribute to an individual’s diagnosis. But, autism can also be an effect of having older parents, a difficult birth/pregnancy or other environmental issues.
Fact 3: Autism is more common than many people think. It is estimated that 1 in 36 children has been identified to be on the spectrum. It is also reported to be seen in every racial, ethnic and socioeconomic group, meaning autism can affect anyone.
Remember, autism is unique for every person and it is important to be respectful of everyone’s individual needs. If you know someone who has autism, offer them your support and understanding. By doing so, you can help create an environment that allows all individuals on the autism spectrum to reach their full potential.
Test what you know about autism and learn some more facts with Steward’s “How Much Do You Know About Autism?” quiz.
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